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In a case, that has left U.S. cattle producers critical of the government’s reliance on foreign countries and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Brazil has reported its first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease), two years after the cow died, according to an R-CALF USA, the Ranchers-Cattlemen Action Legal Fund news release Dec. 7.What happened in Brazil to cause such a delay?According to the OIE notification report, in Dec. 2010, Brazilian veterinary officials were called to check on a 13-year-old cow exhibiting limb stiffness in the city of Sertanopolis, Parana state. However, when they arrived, the bovine was dead.Suspecting rabies, as it is not uncommon to see this disease in cattle and other herbivores, the animal was tested, which turned out negative.Since it appeared to be a neurologic disease, a sample was sent to an accredited lab to rule out BSE. In April 2011, the histopathological test was reported as negative.According to the OIE report, a sample was then sent to the National Reference Laboratory, National Agricultural Laboratory (LANAGRO-PE), Recife, Pernambuco, for BSE diagnosis and it tested positive on 15 Jun 2012 by immunohistochemical test—a full 18 months after the death of the cow. It was again confirmed for BSE at the UK OIE lab this month.Brazil authorities say the delay in testing was due to a low-prioritization of this particular sample based on several reasons.This chain of events has brought criticism from R-CALF USA who report, even though the OIE considers Brazil as having a “negligible BSE risk”, that approximately 67 million pounds of Brazilian beef were imported into the United States since the Brazilian BSE suspect was identified.“That means the U.S. imported enough beef from Brazil in 2011 and 2012 to feed over 1 million Americans their annual consumption of beef,” said R-CALF USA CEO Bill Bullard.“None of that Brazilian beef imported into the U.S. during the past two years was subject to BSE mitigations that are supposed to apply to countries where BSE is known to exist, meaning U.S. consumers have been subjected to an unnecessary and avoidable risk of mad cow disease from Brazil,” Bullard added."This failure by Brazil to provide timely notice of its disease problem clearly demonstrates that USDA’s ongoing reliance on foreign countries and the OIE to protect U.S. citizens from unsafe imports is absolutely foolish and without basis, and is another example of why we need country-of-origin labeling,” Max Thornsberry, D.V.M. and Chair of R-CALF USA’s Animal Health Committee concluded.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by an unusual transmissible agent called a prion. The nature of the transmissible agent is not well understood.Macao woman who had brain surgery in Hong Kong likely has Creutzfeldt-Jakob DiseaseCurrently, the most accepted theory is that the agent is a modified form of a normal protein known as prion protein. For reasons that are not yet understood, the normal prion protein changes into a pathogenic (harmful) form that then damages the central nervous system of cattle.For more infectious disease news and information, visit and “like” the Infectious Disease News Facebook page
19 Şubat 2013 Salı
Localized fungal infections seen in increasing numbers from tainted steroid
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It is being reported that localized, injection site fungal infections are being reported from some state health departments in increasing numbers. Michigan health officials have reported scores of such infections since the beginning of the multistate outbreak linked to contaminated methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injection, according to a Michigan Department of Community Health update Dec. 7.In Michigan, officials have reported 131 epidural abscesses, 36 meningitis plus epidural abscess and one epidural abscess plus peripheral joint fungal infection.Moreover, Michigan is not alone. The Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) has reported a total of 23 people have been identified as having new, localized infections since Thanksgiving.According to a statement by TDH Commissioner John Dreyzehner, MD, MPH, “As of today, we have identified 23 persons who have developed these less serious infections at or near the site of their MPA injections. The early identification of these infections, made possible by a strong collaborative effort by clinicians, our department and the CDC, has helped several individuals get effective treatment at an earlier stage, thereby fending off a more serious illness.”Dreyzehner says he cannot tell with certainty how long they can expect to identify new cases of localized infections. “Nationally", he says, "the longest reported infection occurred 120 days after last injection.”The latest data on the Multistate Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Investigation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 541 cases reported from 19 states. 36 of these infections have ended in death as of Dec. 3.For more infectious disease news and information, visit and “like” the Infectious Disease News Facebook page
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| Exserohilum rostratum/CDC |
It is being reported that localized, injection site fungal infections are being reported from some state health departments in increasing numbers. Michigan health officials have reported scores of such infections since the beginning of the multistate outbreak linked to contaminated methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injection, according to a Michigan Department of Community Health update Dec. 7.In Michigan, officials have reported 131 epidural abscesses, 36 meningitis plus epidural abscess and one epidural abscess plus peripheral joint fungal infection.Moreover, Michigan is not alone. The Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) has reported a total of 23 people have been identified as having new, localized infections since Thanksgiving.According to a statement by TDH Commissioner John Dreyzehner, MD, MPH, “As of today, we have identified 23 persons who have developed these less serious infections at or near the site of their MPA injections. The early identification of these infections, made possible by a strong collaborative effort by clinicians, our department and the CDC, has helped several individuals get effective treatment at an earlier stage, thereby fending off a more serious illness.”Dreyzehner says he cannot tell with certainty how long they can expect to identify new cases of localized infections. “Nationally", he says, "the longest reported infection occurred 120 days after last injection.”The latest data on the Multistate Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Investigation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 541 cases reported from 19 states. 36 of these infections have ended in death as of Dec. 3.For more infectious disease news and information, visit and “like” the Infectious Disease News Facebook page
Helen Epstein's wrong about SA's response to AIDS
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via politicsweb, by Nathan Geffen
Helen Epstein is an influential journalist and regular contributor to one of the world's most prestigious literary journals, the New York Review of Books (NYRB). It is therefore unsettling that she has written an article on the NYRB blog that contains serious errors about the South African HIV epidemic and the important prevention benefits of antiretroviral treatment (ART) (see here).
In her first sentence Epstein writes, "When I first visited South Africa in 2000 to report on the AIDS epidemic there, one adult in five was HIV positive, and a million children had lost one or both parents to the disease." These numbers are simply wrong. UNAIDS estimates that by 2001 there were 580,000 children who had lost one or both parents to AIDS. This is a horrific figure, but substantially less than Epstein's. 2 The Actuarial Society of South Africa estimates the number of children who had lost a mother or both parents to AIDS by mid-2000 and they reach a considerably lower estimate of about 120,000. 3 Epstein also overstates the percentage of adults infected with HIV in 2000.
Epstein writes, "Although the HIV infection rate has finally begun to fall in neighboring countries like Botswana and Zimbabwe, it remains stubbornly high in South Africa. After studying the African epidemic for two decades, I've come to believe that shame and silence are the primary reasons ..."
She is wrong that South Africa's infection rate is not falling. Also wrong is her implication that shame and silence make the South African epidemic signally different from those in Botswana and Zimbabwe.
Read the rest.
[Content that is linked from other sources is for informational purposes and should not construe a Mapping Pathways position. Please look for us on Facebook here www.facebook.com/MappingPathways and you can follow us on Twitter @mappingpathways as well.]
Helen Epstein is an influential journalist and regular contributor to one of the world's most prestigious literary journals, the New York Review of Books (NYRB). It is therefore unsettling that she has written an article on the NYRB blog that contains serious errors about the South African HIV epidemic and the important prevention benefits of antiretroviral treatment (ART) (see here). In her first sentence Epstein writes, "When I first visited South Africa in 2000 to report on the AIDS epidemic there, one adult in five was HIV positive, and a million children had lost one or both parents to the disease." These numbers are simply wrong. UNAIDS estimates that by 2001 there were 580,000 children who had lost one or both parents to AIDS. This is a horrific figure, but substantially less than Epstein's. 2 The Actuarial Society of South Africa estimates the number of children who had lost a mother or both parents to AIDS by mid-2000 and they reach a considerably lower estimate of about 120,000. 3 Epstein also overstates the percentage of adults infected with HIV in 2000.
Epstein writes, "Although the HIV infection rate has finally begun to fall in neighboring countries like Botswana and Zimbabwe, it remains stubbornly high in South Africa. After studying the African epidemic for two decades, I've come to believe that shame and silence are the primary reasons ..."
She is wrong that South Africa's infection rate is not falling. Also wrong is her implication that shame and silence make the South African epidemic signally different from those in Botswana and Zimbabwe.
Read the rest.
[Content that is linked from other sources is for informational purposes and should not construe a Mapping Pathways position. Please look for us on Facebook here www.facebook.com/MappingPathways and you can follow us on Twitter @mappingpathways as well.]
Bringing Out Your Company's Soul At a Trade Show
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Have you ever been bedazzled by a theatrical trailer only to find out it completely misrepresented what the movie was about? False expectations can ruin a great movie. The same is true about what your trade show display tells visitors. If your trade show booth design doesn't embody the soul of your business, you're not doing your product justice.
So here are a few tips to help you imbue your custom trade show displays with the essence of your business.
Be true to yourself. You may have the most versatile vegetable peeler in the world, but fight the urge to try to be all things to all people. Focus your collateral material, your demos, and your talking points on what you do better than anyone. You'll be surprised how many people are willing to change their demand around a well presented product with a clear purpose. In fact, people love learning about novel ways to solve familiar problems, which leads us to our next tip.
Show off something fresh and unique. No one peruses custom trade show displays looking for the coolest thing from last year. Your brand is a living thing and people want to see life and progression. This doesn't mean you have to sit out the trade show just because you haven't invented a new product in awhile. Repackage what you have. Show what else is so unique about it. Make a minor design change. Little Giant Ladders revitalized sales for their ladder systems by adding a couple little wheels to move their ladder more easily. You can reinvent your product in the visitor's mind while maintaining your brands identity.
Sell a lifestyle, not just a product. This can be a challenge for a 10' by 6' trade show booth design. But why is there such a big market for high powered blenders right now? Not because the concept of a blender is new. It's because people love the idea of getting their nasty healthy leafy vegetables hidden in a delicious fruit smoothie. This idea is revolutionary. You're not selling a blender, you're pouring a refreshing 3-minute fitness smoothie down your customer's throat -- literally. Live demos are Blendtec's bread and butter. The best way to tell about the greatness of your product is to show it in action. Your customers will identify your brand with how it changes their lives, not just your product. So make sure your booth staff has the pitch or demo down well enough that your product can sell itself.
Insight Exhibits
1367 South 7th West
Salt Lake City, UT 84104
(801) 978-9000
So here are a few tips to help you imbue your custom trade show displays with the essence of your business.
Be true to yourself. You may have the most versatile vegetable peeler in the world, but fight the urge to try to be all things to all people. Focus your collateral material, your demos, and your talking points on what you do better than anyone. You'll be surprised how many people are willing to change their demand around a well presented product with a clear purpose. In fact, people love learning about novel ways to solve familiar problems, which leads us to our next tip.
Show off something fresh and unique. No one peruses custom trade show displays looking for the coolest thing from last year. Your brand is a living thing and people want to see life and progression. This doesn't mean you have to sit out the trade show just because you haven't invented a new product in awhile. Repackage what you have. Show what else is so unique about it. Make a minor design change. Little Giant Ladders revitalized sales for their ladder systems by adding a couple little wheels to move their ladder more easily. You can reinvent your product in the visitor's mind while maintaining your brands identity.
Sell a lifestyle, not just a product. This can be a challenge for a 10' by 6' trade show booth design. But why is there such a big market for high powered blenders right now? Not because the concept of a blender is new. It's because people love the idea of getting their nasty healthy leafy vegetables hidden in a delicious fruit smoothie. This idea is revolutionary. You're not selling a blender, you're pouring a refreshing 3-minute fitness smoothie down your customer's throat -- literally. Live demos are Blendtec's bread and butter. The best way to tell about the greatness of your product is to show it in action. Your customers will identify your brand with how it changes their lives, not just your product. So make sure your booth staff has the pitch or demo down well enough that your product can sell itself.
Insight Exhibits
1367 South 7th West
Salt Lake City, UT 84104
(801) 978-9000
Women's Health And Dizziness During Pregnancy
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A notable number of women experience dizziness during pregnancy. The scientific explanation for this is that, during that period, the body of a woman's body undergoes a lot of cardiovascular changes. The body is supposed to undergo self-initiating adaptive changes in its cardiovascular and nervous systems to enable normal functioning, especially in maintaining continuous supply of blood to the brain. The consequences of failure of such adaptive mechanisms include fainting and giddiness.
One of the significant changes that occur to women during gestation is an increase in the rate of heart beat. This is accompanied by increment in blood volumes by about 45%. They also undergo dilation of blood vessels, resulting in low blood pressure. A woman experiences the lowest blood pressure levels at around mid-pregnancy. This drop is only restored to normal close to the end of gestation period.
Medical experts have identified a number of ways that can help in handling dizziness. It is critical that a woman lies down if she experiences vertigo. This prevents her from suffering injury by falling. She should also stop doing any activity that may bring harm to her or others, for instance operating machinery or driving.
The basic cause of dizziness and fainting is an inadequate supply of blood to the brain. First aid measures, hence, should aim to restore this supply. One way of achieving this is by resting the victim in a horizontal position, but with the head slightly lower than the rest of the body. Where there is no space to lie, it is advisable that the victim sits, then put her head between her knees. The woman may also lie on her left side, since this increases blood flow to both the heart and the brain.
A woman's actions may increase the risk of her fainting or experiencing lightheadedness. Top on this list is a quick shift in position from either lying or sitting to standing. Blood pools around the feet and in lower legs during resting periods. The body may not be able to restore blood flow to the heart and brain upon springing from the rest position, hence resulting in dizziness. Therefore, it is advisable for pregnant women not to spring from resting positions to standing.
Blood may also pool around the feet when a person stands at the same position for prolonged periods. Expectant women are advisable to walk around after short periods of being stationary. In case this is not possible, exercising legs could also help improve blood circulation. Wearing support stockings has also been proven to improve circulation.
Pregnant woman should take note of their sleeping positions since how they sleep may increase chances of experiencing lightheadedness. A woman should not lie on their stomachs or backs during their second and third trimesters. This is because such positions cause the uterus to exert extra pressure on inferior vena cava, slowing circulation in the lower abdomen. They should lie of their left side instead.
Vasovagal syncope may also result in dizziness during pregnancy. This is a condition resulting from straining during activities such as urination or coughing, dehydration, pain or anxiety. Symptoms associated with this condition are a feeling of warmth, nausea, yawning, sweating and paleness. It is advisable to lie or sit upon experiencing such symptoms.
One of the significant changes that occur to women during gestation is an increase in the rate of heart beat. This is accompanied by increment in blood volumes by about 45%. They also undergo dilation of blood vessels, resulting in low blood pressure. A woman experiences the lowest blood pressure levels at around mid-pregnancy. This drop is only restored to normal close to the end of gestation period.
Medical experts have identified a number of ways that can help in handling dizziness. It is critical that a woman lies down if she experiences vertigo. This prevents her from suffering injury by falling. She should also stop doing any activity that may bring harm to her or others, for instance operating machinery or driving.
The basic cause of dizziness and fainting is an inadequate supply of blood to the brain. First aid measures, hence, should aim to restore this supply. One way of achieving this is by resting the victim in a horizontal position, but with the head slightly lower than the rest of the body. Where there is no space to lie, it is advisable that the victim sits, then put her head between her knees. The woman may also lie on her left side, since this increases blood flow to both the heart and the brain.
A woman's actions may increase the risk of her fainting or experiencing lightheadedness. Top on this list is a quick shift in position from either lying or sitting to standing. Blood pools around the feet and in lower legs during resting periods. The body may not be able to restore blood flow to the heart and brain upon springing from the rest position, hence resulting in dizziness. Therefore, it is advisable for pregnant women not to spring from resting positions to standing.
Blood may also pool around the feet when a person stands at the same position for prolonged periods. Expectant women are advisable to walk around after short periods of being stationary. In case this is not possible, exercising legs could also help improve blood circulation. Wearing support stockings has also been proven to improve circulation.
Pregnant woman should take note of their sleeping positions since how they sleep may increase chances of experiencing lightheadedness. A woman should not lie on their stomachs or backs during their second and third trimesters. This is because such positions cause the uterus to exert extra pressure on inferior vena cava, slowing circulation in the lower abdomen. They should lie of their left side instead.
Vasovagal syncope may also result in dizziness during pregnancy. This is a condition resulting from straining during activities such as urination or coughing, dehydration, pain or anxiety. Symptoms associated with this condition are a feeling of warmth, nausea, yawning, sweating and paleness. It is advisable to lie or sit upon experiencing such symptoms.
18 Şubat 2013 Pazartesi
Boceprevir approved for use by Britain's state health service.
To contact us Click HERE
Merck’s new hepatitis C drug, Boceprevir (Victrelis) has won recommendation for use in Britain’s state health service. It was widely discussed especially because the drug is especially expensive. This an important drug because unlike previous INV +Ribavirin combination therapy, Boceprevir can be used in the treatment of hepatitis due to HCV genotype 1, the most common form of hepatitis C. It will be used in combination with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin for genotype 1 hepatitis C.
Boceprevir is an NS3/4A protease inhibitor. This drug stops viral replication by binding to a protease that would work to cleave the polyprotein. Thus this drug prevents the production of functional viral protein. Pegylated interferons are used to moderate the immune system. Ribivirin is a nucleoside analog and when given with IFN, it can reduce viral replication.
Original Article from Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/09/merck-britain-idUSL5E8E8AH120120309
More info on HCV Medications:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177792-medication#2
--Elena Jordan
Boceprevir is an NS3/4A protease inhibitor. This drug stops viral replication by binding to a protease that would work to cleave the polyprotein. Thus this drug prevents the production of functional viral protein. Pegylated interferons are used to moderate the immune system. Ribivirin is a nucleoside analog and when given with IFN, it can reduce viral replication.
Original Article from Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/09/merck-britain-idUSL5E8E8AH120120309
More info on HCV Medications:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177792-medication#2
--Elena Jordan
What's a Nun Got to do With it? by Tashiya G.
To contact us Click HERE
Tashiya Gunesekera
ED2 -- Rubavu District, Western Province
My first friend in myvillage was a nun. Her name was Eleonora, a primary school teacher.She came to visit me in my temporary housing and commented that Ineeded to clean my floors more often. I felt, knowing what I knew ofRwandan culture, that she was going to be a genuine friend.
I live in small town inthe Northwest of Rwanda. I am very connected to the Catholic church,which predominates my town. I eat all my meals with the priests, andtake myself up the hill to Sunday mass every Sunday I'm at site. Thenuns live in a quaint house connected to the health clinic in town,which they run. There are two nuns from Spain named Aurelia and MariaJesus who are there as mentors and teachers for the Rwandan Nuns whowere Eleonora, Matilde, Marcelline, and Vestine. We quickly becamefriends due to the shortbread-like cookies they gave me every time Icame to visit at 530pm any weekday. As they said recently, “Tashiya,sabemos que te gusta las dolces.” (Tashiya we know that youlike the sweets.)
Throughout my time atsite, I have spent time getting to know the nuns. They helped me thattime I had a bad day and could not find any Margarine to make Mac andCheese. They listened to me complaining about all the papers I had tomark. They invited me to watch Spain trounce Italy in the Euro Cupthis year. They gave me a thermometer when I thought I was sick. Andmost importantly they helped me with my book project to get moreEnglish reading books for my school library. These books were sent totheir mailbox in Gisenyi and they carted them up the steep mountainin their car. During this time, I've had multiple opportunities toanalyze their lives.
Not being Catholic,apart from the “Sister Act”, I personally did not know much aboutnuns before I moved to this small town in Rwanda. I thought nuns weresuper religious women that gave up a life of family and love toworship God and help poor people. And, yes in some ways this is true.They do give up having a traditional family and romantic love, andthey are religious and they do help poor people. But, there is a lotmore to these nuns than that.
The nuns at my site allhave serious jobs and careers in the making. Eleonora was a primaryschool teacher, Vestine was a nurse at the health clinic, Marcellinetrains girls that are not in school in trades like sewing, andcooking, and Matilde was responsible for teaching young mothers aboutnutrition. The two Spanish nuns oversaw much of the running of theclinic and also were responsible for the running of their home.
Within my community,these nuns are considered to be influential people. They are often atsector, cell and village events. They sit with the important peoplewho thank goodness, I have finally been cleared of sitting with. (I'mfinally one with the people!) They also live in a nice house and haveaccess to a car to go to the nearest big town, Gisenyi andoccasionally Kigali. These nuns, probably due to their congregation,have serious opportunities to travel. Eleonora broke my heart whenshe said in the beginning of the second year that she was leaving togo live in Equatorial Guinea for her next mission. Mathilde moved onto the Ivory Coast. Vestine went to University in Kigali. Thisbrought in two new Nuns, Immaculee and Larisse. Immaculee is also anurse with a degree from a University in Kigali. She speaks fluentFrench, English and Spanish. Larisse is from the Democratic Republicof the Congo. Larisse is awaiting her time before she also wants tomove on to the Ivory Coast. I know that Eleonora spent two months inSpain visiting more Nuns from her order.
Many of these womencome from very poor families. Their choice to become a Nun obviouslychanged their lives. But, they are very strong women who are greatlyrespected and honored within Rwanda. They gain high levels withintheir professional fields and are supposed and encouraged withintheir communities. Even though they are not the head of the communitychurch like a Priest, they are still leaders and contributing greatlyto the societies in where they live. Do I think that all girls shouldaim to become Nuns? Not unless you get that calling because it isafter all a life where you give up a lot of comforts. But, it'sworth noticing how in a quiet way, Nuns are contributing to bridgingthe gender divide in rural communities and encouraging women tosucceed.
Tashiya Gunesekera
ED2 -- Rubavu District, Western Province
My first friend in myvillage was a nun. Her name was Eleonora, a primary school teacher.She came to visit me in my temporary housing and commented that Ineeded to clean my floors more often. I felt, knowing what I knew ofRwandan culture, that she was going to be a genuine friend.
I live in small town inthe Northwest of Rwanda. I am very connected to the Catholic church,which predominates my town. I eat all my meals with the priests, andtake myself up the hill to Sunday mass every Sunday I'm at site. Thenuns live in a quaint house connected to the health clinic in town,which they run. There are two nuns from Spain named Aurelia and MariaJesus who are there as mentors and teachers for the Rwandan Nuns whowere Eleonora, Matilde, Marcelline, and Vestine. We quickly becamefriends due to the shortbread-like cookies they gave me every time Icame to visit at 530pm any weekday. As they said recently, “Tashiya,sabemos que te gusta las dolces.” (Tashiya we know that youlike the sweets.)
Throughout my time atsite, I have spent time getting to know the nuns. They helped me thattime I had a bad day and could not find any Margarine to make Mac andCheese. They listened to me complaining about all the papers I had tomark. They invited me to watch Spain trounce Italy in the Euro Cupthis year. They gave me a thermometer when I thought I was sick. Andmost importantly they helped me with my book project to get moreEnglish reading books for my school library. These books were sent totheir mailbox in Gisenyi and they carted them up the steep mountainin their car. During this time, I've had multiple opportunities toanalyze their lives.
Not being Catholic,apart from the “Sister Act”, I personally did not know much aboutnuns before I moved to this small town in Rwanda. I thought nuns weresuper religious women that gave up a life of family and love toworship God and help poor people. And, yes in some ways this is true.They do give up having a traditional family and romantic love, andthey are religious and they do help poor people. But, there is a lotmore to these nuns than that.
The nuns at my site allhave serious jobs and careers in the making. Eleonora was a primaryschool teacher, Vestine was a nurse at the health clinic, Marcellinetrains girls that are not in school in trades like sewing, andcooking, and Matilde was responsible for teaching young mothers aboutnutrition. The two Spanish nuns oversaw much of the running of theclinic and also were responsible for the running of their home.
Within my community,these nuns are considered to be influential people. They are often atsector, cell and village events. They sit with the important peoplewho thank goodness, I have finally been cleared of sitting with. (I'mfinally one with the people!) They also live in a nice house and haveaccess to a car to go to the nearest big town, Gisenyi andoccasionally Kigali. These nuns, probably due to their congregation,have serious opportunities to travel. Eleonora broke my heart whenshe said in the beginning of the second year that she was leaving togo live in Equatorial Guinea for her next mission. Mathilde moved onto the Ivory Coast. Vestine went to University in Kigali. Thisbrought in two new Nuns, Immaculee and Larisse. Immaculee is also anurse with a degree from a University in Kigali. She speaks fluentFrench, English and Spanish. Larisse is from the Democratic Republicof the Congo. Larisse is awaiting her time before she also wants tomove on to the Ivory Coast. I know that Eleonora spent two months inSpain visiting more Nuns from her order.
Many of these womencome from very poor families. Their choice to become a Nun obviouslychanged their lives. But, they are very strong women who are greatlyrespected and honored within Rwanda. They gain high levels withintheir professional fields and are supposed and encouraged withintheir communities. Even though they are not the head of the communitychurch like a Priest, they are still leaders and contributing greatlyto the societies in where they live. Do I think that all girls shouldaim to become Nuns? Not unless you get that calling because it isafter all a life where you give up a lot of comforts. But, it'sworth noticing how in a quiet way, Nuns are contributing to bridgingthe gender divide in rural communities and encouraging women tosucceed.
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